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                <text>Farm residence, ell plan with two front entrances, one-a-half stories, smooth-cut stone central section, wood frame and weatherboard wings with coursed stone foundations, gable roof.  Front shed entrance porch, 1/1, 2/2 and 4/4 double-hung wooden windows, wooden entrance doors, two internal brick chimneys, gable roof dormers.  Alterations--one-story rear shed addition.</text>
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Standard Atlas (1902, 1909)&#13;
Plat-book &amp; Survey (1909)</text>
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                <text>unknown</text>
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                <text>Non-Commercial (use only)</text>
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        <name>Central Kansas</name>
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        <name>Lawson Hardware</name>
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        <name>Mary Lawson</name>
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                <text>S.N. Walker House&#13;
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                <text>When S.N. Walker acquired this property from William Patterson in 1886, the assessed value was only $40.00.  Construction of the existing house was indicated by an increase in value to $250.00 in 1888.</text>
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                <text>Detached residence, T-plan with side entrance in wing, two stories, wood frame and weatherboard, rubble stone foundation, gable roof.  Hipped entrance porch on round post, 1/1 double-hung wooden windows, paired projecting windows with pent roof NW and bay window SE, glazed wooden entrance door.  Modern one-story rear shed addition.</text>
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                <text>Dale Nimz, photographer</text>
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                <text>Sadie C. Pearce House&#13;
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                <text>This property was unimproved in 1898; the assessed value was only $50.00.  By 1902 the value had increased to $300.00 indicating construction of the existing house.  Sadie Pearce was the owner.  She was listed as the widow of George J. Pearce residing with daughters Edith and Stella on Eight Street near Grove in that year.  By 1910 Alice D. Porter, a teacher at Baker University, owned the property.</text>
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                <text>Detached residence, square plan with asymmetrical entrance, rear addition above screened porch, two stories, wood frame and weatherboard,rough-cut coursed stone foundation, truncated pyramidal roof.  Hipped front porch on turned posts.  1/1 double-hung windows, bay window SSE, interior brick chimney.  Modern shutters second floor. </text>
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                <text>Horse &amp; buggy crossing the Saline River Bridge near Sylvan Grove. &#13;
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                <text>late 1880's</text>
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                  <text>Rossville Centennial Booklet, 1971</text>
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                  <text>Public Domain due to copyright expiration. Original narrative content by RCL is available for use by public.</text>
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                  <text>Rossville is fortunately situated in many ways—we are near a large city, Topeka, but far enough away to retain our own identity; we can be considered a bedroom community to Topeka since so many residents commute to work to the larger city; we are just north of the Kansas River and enjoy the fertile “Kaw River Valley,” which has benefited agriculture in our community since its very beginnings.&#13;
&#13;
From the early days, Rossville Township was blessed with fertile creek and river-bottom land, combined with the upland, which consisted of bluestem grass. The early settlers broke and cleared the bottom lands and part of the upland prairie. The settlers of the 1860-70s began farming and found the soil fertile and productive. However, the task of clearing the timberland and breaking prairie sod must have seemed insurmountable. Corn and wheat, the main crops, and cattle, hogs and other livestock-raising, became the basic agriculture of Rossville township. Many of these early farmers came to Kansas seeking land. They traveled by ox cart and wagon before the railroad went through, following the Oregon and other trails. Settlers bought land from the Santa Fe Railroad or from members of the Citizen Potawatomi Band, who were selling their allotment land.&#13;
&#13;
The first mention of early agriculture in Rossville comes from Dr. Gabbey’s account, written in 1886: “The Pottawatomi as a tribe never took kindly to agriculture, four or five acres in corn was a large field. Their fields were usually cleared up from the edge of the timber along the streams, as the Indian had little use for the Prairie kind.” &#13;
&#13;
One account gives the cost of prairie in the early days from $2.50 to $4.00 per acre. Lumber was worth from $25.00 to $39.00 dollars per thousand feet. Oxen cost $100.00 a yoke, mules from $100.00 to $200.00, horses $75.00 to $150.00, sheep $2.00 a head and chickens 25¢ each. Masons and carpenters received $2.00 to $3.00 per day in wages. Wheat was worth $1.50 per bushel and flour $4.50 per hundred pounds. From newspapers of 1877: “New corn brought in for shipment is getting 18¢ to 20¢ and corn huskers have been in demand at $1.00 per day and board; 2.5¢ per bushel thrown on the ground or 3.5¢ in the crib.” “Mr. Lambert James, a farmer living a few miles west of town has this season manufactured 1,500 gallon of sorghum molasses, which he readily disposed of at 50¢ per gallon.”&#13;
&#13;
But challenges persisted for early settlers. Although this was an extremely desirable area for agriculture and the raising of livestock, it was not possible for the early settlers to procure manufactured goods from the East without paying an extremely high freight bill. It was also impossible to ship their grain and produce economically. River freight was tried but the Kaw River often times did not have enough water to make shipping dependable so the answer to this problem was the railroad. Rossville’s answer came May 18, 1866, when the first train passed through the town. &#13;
&#13;
Corn was the main crop and early editors gave much space extolling its excellence. Corn cribs were numerous along the south side of the railroad tracks and on the east side of north Main. A water powered grist mill was located on Cross Creek north of town. Mulvane Bros. built a steam powered mill south of the railroad tracks.&#13;
&#13;
One of the earliest farmers was Henry Ford, who acquired 80 acres southwest of Rossville in 1864. His wife was the former Mary Nadeau, who came to Rossville from Indiana in 1862. Henry Ford came to Kansas in 1863 and was a stage coach driver for the Overland Stage Company between Topeka and Manhattan. He met his wife at “Buttermilk Station” where she worked for her brother, Big Alex Nadeau. While working to clear their land of timber and build a log house, they lived in one room of a three room house, west of Cross Creek, north of the old Oregon and California trails. The other two rooms were occupied by Dr. and Mrs. R.S. Gabbey and Mr. and Mrs. C.W. Higginbotham. After the Fords moved into their log cabin, Mrs. Ford often rode horseback nine miles with her baby to the mission in St. Marys. The first flowers she had to plant by the cabin were given to her by the nuns at the Mission.&#13;
&#13;
Another early farmer, John DeGraff settled south of Rossville in 1865. He and his wife, the former Frances Navarre, lived in a small dugout until their house was built.&#13;
&#13;
The following is a list of early farmers:&#13;
Name	|		Year to Rossville  |	Origin&#13;
&#13;
Archibald Abbott	1870	Kingston, Canada West&#13;
Joseph Andrews		Westmoreland County, Pa.&#13;
W. Thomas Andrews	1879	McKay, Ohio&#13;
Joseph Beseau	1875	Monroe County, Michigan&#13;
John A. Bond	1872	Tyler County, W. Virginia&#13;
William Bond	1873	Tyler County, W. Virginia&#13;
John DeGraff	1865	&#13;
James DeVinney	1880	Ross County, Ohio&#13;
Benjamin Franklin	1869	Ross County, Ohio&#13;
John Fritz	1877	Somerset County, Pa.&#13;
Martin Hass	1877	Richland County, Ohio&#13;
Henry Kassabaum	1877	Brookmell, Prussia&#13;
T.J. Kiernan	1868	&#13;
Elzey E. Kinsey	1877	Ohio&#13;
Henry Lipp	1868	South Germany&#13;
Isaac McCollough	1873	Holmes County, Ohio&#13;
R. McCollough	1878	Holmes County, Ohio&#13;
Michael O’halaron	1880	&#13;
Samuel Oldfield	1878	Derbyshire, England&#13;
S.J. Oliver	1876	&#13;
Edward Partelow	1868	Newport, Kentucky&#13;
Thomas L. Ross	1882	Cincinnati, Ohio&#13;
M.M. Standley	1874	Carroll County, Indiana&#13;
Bennett Swearingen	1868	Meigs County, Ohio&#13;
Isaac B. Trostel	1877	Perry County, Pa.&#13;
Frank Van Vleck	1878	&#13;
William Wax	1878	Juniata County, Pa.&#13;
Daniel Wilt	1876	York County, Pa.&#13;
Henry York	1869	Zurich, Switzerland&#13;
Peter H. Zickefoose	1874	Highland County, W. Virginia&#13;
Samuel Beals	1867	&#13;
E.S. Doud	1869	&#13;
W.L. James		&#13;
Wm. Kirkpatrick	1871	&#13;
Frank L. Sanders		&#13;
John Heslet		&#13;
Noel Graves		&#13;
W.W. Janes		&#13;
J.K. Conley	1870	Yates County, New York&#13;
Startup, Ab		&#13;
Thomas Attebury	1877	&#13;
George Hejtmanek	1880	Wisowitz, Moravia, Austria&#13;
D. Hartzell	1872	&#13;
Francis E. Williams	1876	New York&#13;
Captain John Gutshall		&#13;
Col. A.S. Stanley	1880	Meigs Co., Ohio&#13;
Martin Nason	1872	&#13;
Jos. Van Vleck	1878	&#13;
M.L. Cless	1876	&#13;
B.W. Higginbotham	1861	&#13;
Thomas Moss	1877	&#13;
J.M. Parr		Clay Co. Indiana&#13;
J.A. Parr		Clay Co. Indiana&#13;
H.W. Lipp	1878	Illinois&#13;
Samuel B. Zickefoose	1869	West Virginia&#13;
Mrs. Jane Jackson	1875	Scotland&#13;
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Samuel Oldfield Farm, Rossville, Kansas&#13;
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="506">
                <text>During the last day of June, Samuel Oldfield, Rossville, planted 18 acres of corn on land from which he had already taken a crop of wheat. He said the land was well-fertilized for the first crop, and the second took to growing lustily. A good stand of fodder corn is already assured, and indications are that many good ears will be on hand before Jack Frost gets in his work.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507">
                <text>Reprinted in the St. Marys Star, St. Marys, Kansas (date unknown)&#13;
This was originally published around August 1895, probably in a local Rossville newspaper.</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="508">
                <text>Rossville Community Library</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>ca. original content August 1895</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="510">
                <text>Public domain</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="511">
                <text>newspaper clipping</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>RCL0310</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Baldwin City Public Library</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Sara Rugh Farm&#13;
N1/2 NW4 10-15-20</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="11319">
                <text>This property was recorded as the Sara Rugh residence from c. 1902 to c. 1921.  Current residents reported that the distinctive outbuilding was used for fruit handling and storage.</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Farm residence, cruciform plan, side entrances, one story, wood frame and weatherboard construction, coursed rough-cut stone foundation, gable roof, 1/1 wooden double-hung windows, glazed wooden entrance doors, interior brick chimney with corbeled ornamental top.  Decorative mock eave brackets and gable end shingling, ornamental head moldings.  Modern shed additions SW and SE, screened porch E, window enlarged E.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="11321">
                <text>Dale Nimz, photographer</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="11322">
                <text>Baldwin City Public Library</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>Fall, 1988</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="11324">
                <text>Atlas of Douglas County (1873)&#13;
Standard Atlas of Douglas County (1902, 1921)&#13;
Plat-book &amp; Survey of Douglas County (1909)</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="11325">
                <text>All rights reserved</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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