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                  <text>Rossville is fortunately situated in many ways—we are near a large city, Topeka, but far enough away to retain our own identity; we can be considered a bedroom community to Topeka since so many residents commute to work to the larger city; we are just north of the Kansas River and enjoy the fertile “Kaw River Valley,” which has benefited agriculture in our community since its very beginnings.&#13;
&#13;
From the early days, Rossville Township was blessed with fertile creek and river-bottom land, combined with the upland, which consisted of bluestem grass. The early settlers broke and cleared the bottom lands and part of the upland prairie. The settlers of the 1860-70s began farming and found the soil fertile and productive. However, the task of clearing the timberland and breaking prairie sod must have seemed insurmountable. Corn and wheat, the main crops, and cattle, hogs and other livestock-raising, became the basic agriculture of Rossville township. Many of these early farmers came to Kansas seeking land. They traveled by ox cart and wagon before the railroad went through, following the Oregon and other trails. Settlers bought land from the Santa Fe Railroad or from members of the Citizen Potawatomi Band, who were selling their allotment land.&#13;
&#13;
The first mention of early agriculture in Rossville comes from Dr. Gabbey’s account, written in 1886: “The Pottawatomi as a tribe never took kindly to agriculture, four or five acres in corn was a large field. Their fields were usually cleared up from the edge of the timber along the streams, as the Indian had little use for the Prairie kind.” &#13;
&#13;
One account gives the cost of prairie in the early days from $2.50 to $4.00 per acre. Lumber was worth from $25.00 to $39.00 dollars per thousand feet. Oxen cost $100.00 a yoke, mules from $100.00 to $200.00, horses $75.00 to $150.00, sheep $2.00 a head and chickens 25¢ each. Masons and carpenters received $2.00 to $3.00 per day in wages. Wheat was worth $1.50 per bushel and flour $4.50 per hundred pounds. From newspapers of 1877: “New corn brought in for shipment is getting 18¢ to 20¢ and corn huskers have been in demand at $1.00 per day and board; 2.5¢ per bushel thrown on the ground or 3.5¢ in the crib.” “Mr. Lambert James, a farmer living a few miles west of town has this season manufactured 1,500 gallon of sorghum molasses, which he readily disposed of at 50¢ per gallon.”&#13;
&#13;
But challenges persisted for early settlers. Although this was an extremely desirable area for agriculture and the raising of livestock, it was not possible for the early settlers to procure manufactured goods from the East without paying an extremely high freight bill. It was also impossible to ship their grain and produce economically. River freight was tried but the Kaw River often times did not have enough water to make shipping dependable so the answer to this problem was the railroad. Rossville’s answer came May 18, 1866, when the first train passed through the town. &#13;
&#13;
Corn was the main crop and early editors gave much space extolling its excellence. Corn cribs were numerous along the south side of the railroad tracks and on the east side of north Main. A water powered grist mill was located on Cross Creek north of town. Mulvane Bros. built a steam powered mill south of the railroad tracks.&#13;
&#13;
One of the earliest farmers was Henry Ford, who acquired 80 acres southwest of Rossville in 1864. His wife was the former Mary Nadeau, who came to Rossville from Indiana in 1862. Henry Ford came to Kansas in 1863 and was a stage coach driver for the Overland Stage Company between Topeka and Manhattan. He met his wife at “Buttermilk Station” where she worked for her brother, Big Alex Nadeau. While working to clear their land of timber and build a log house, they lived in one room of a three room house, west of Cross Creek, north of the old Oregon and California trails. The other two rooms were occupied by Dr. and Mrs. R.S. Gabbey and Mr. and Mrs. C.W. Higginbotham. After the Fords moved into their log cabin, Mrs. Ford often rode horseback nine miles with her baby to the mission in St. Marys. The first flowers she had to plant by the cabin were given to her by the nuns at the Mission.&#13;
&#13;
Another early farmer, John DeGraff settled south of Rossville in 1865. He and his wife, the former Frances Navarre, lived in a small dugout until their house was built.&#13;
&#13;
The following is a list of early farmers:&#13;
Name	|		Year to Rossville  |	Origin&#13;
&#13;
Archibald Abbott	1870	Kingston, Canada West&#13;
Joseph Andrews		Westmoreland County, Pa.&#13;
W. Thomas Andrews	1879	McKay, Ohio&#13;
Joseph Beseau	1875	Monroe County, Michigan&#13;
John A. Bond	1872	Tyler County, W. Virginia&#13;
William Bond	1873	Tyler County, W. Virginia&#13;
John DeGraff	1865	&#13;
James DeVinney	1880	Ross County, Ohio&#13;
Benjamin Franklin	1869	Ross County, Ohio&#13;
John Fritz	1877	Somerset County, Pa.&#13;
Martin Hass	1877	Richland County, Ohio&#13;
Henry Kassabaum	1877	Brookmell, Prussia&#13;
T.J. Kiernan	1868	&#13;
Elzey E. Kinsey	1877	Ohio&#13;
Henry Lipp	1868	South Germany&#13;
Isaac McCollough	1873	Holmes County, Ohio&#13;
R. McCollough	1878	Holmes County, Ohio&#13;
Michael O’halaron	1880	&#13;
Samuel Oldfield	1878	Derbyshire, England&#13;
S.J. Oliver	1876	&#13;
Edward Partelow	1868	Newport, Kentucky&#13;
Thomas L. Ross	1882	Cincinnati, Ohio&#13;
M.M. Standley	1874	Carroll County, Indiana&#13;
Bennett Swearingen	1868	Meigs County, Ohio&#13;
Isaac B. Trostel	1877	Perry County, Pa.&#13;
Frank Van Vleck	1878	&#13;
William Wax	1878	Juniata County, Pa.&#13;
Daniel Wilt	1876	York County, Pa.&#13;
Henry York	1869	Zurich, Switzerland&#13;
Peter H. Zickefoose	1874	Highland County, W. Virginia&#13;
Samuel Beals	1867	&#13;
E.S. Doud	1869	&#13;
W.L. James		&#13;
Wm. Kirkpatrick	1871	&#13;
Frank L. Sanders		&#13;
John Heslet		&#13;
Noel Graves		&#13;
W.W. Janes		&#13;
J.K. Conley	1870	Yates County, New York&#13;
Startup, Ab		&#13;
Thomas Attebury	1877	&#13;
George Hejtmanek	1880	Wisowitz, Moravia, Austria&#13;
D. Hartzell	1872	&#13;
Francis E. Williams	1876	New York&#13;
Captain John Gutshall		&#13;
Col. A.S. Stanley	1880	Meigs Co., Ohio&#13;
Martin Nason	1872	&#13;
Jos. Van Vleck	1878	&#13;
M.L. Cless	1876	&#13;
B.W. Higginbotham	1861	&#13;
Thomas Moss	1877	&#13;
J.M. Parr		Clay Co. Indiana&#13;
J.A. Parr		Clay Co. Indiana&#13;
H.W. Lipp	1878	Illinois&#13;
Samuel B. Zickefoose	1869	West Virginia&#13;
Mrs. Jane Jackson	1875	Scotland&#13;
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                  <text>Rossville Centennial Booklet, 1971</text>
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                  <text>Rossville is fortunately situated in many ways—we are near a large city, Topeka, but far enough away to retain our own identity; we can be considered a bedroom community to Topeka since so many residents commute to work to the larger city; we are just north of the Kansas River and enjoy the fertile “Kaw River Valley,” which has benefited agriculture in our community since its very beginnings.&#13;
&#13;
From the early days, Rossville Township was blessed with fertile creek and river-bottom land, combined with the upland, which consisted of bluestem grass. The early settlers broke and cleared the bottom lands and part of the upland prairie. The settlers of the 1860-70s began farming and found the soil fertile and productive. However, the task of clearing the timberland and breaking prairie sod must have seemed insurmountable. Corn and wheat, the main crops, and cattle, hogs and other livestock-raising, became the basic agriculture of Rossville township. Many of these early farmers came to Kansas seeking land. They traveled by ox cart and wagon before the railroad went through, following the Oregon and other trails. Settlers bought land from the Santa Fe Railroad or from members of the Citizen Potawatomi Band, who were selling their allotment land.&#13;
&#13;
The first mention of early agriculture in Rossville comes from Dr. Gabbey’s account, written in 1886: “The Pottawatomi as a tribe never took kindly to agriculture, four or five acres in corn was a large field. Their fields were usually cleared up from the edge of the timber along the streams, as the Indian had little use for the Prairie kind.” &#13;
&#13;
One account gives the cost of prairie in the early days from $2.50 to $4.00 per acre. Lumber was worth from $25.00 to $39.00 dollars per thousand feet. Oxen cost $100.00 a yoke, mules from $100.00 to $200.00, horses $75.00 to $150.00, sheep $2.00 a head and chickens 25¢ each. Masons and carpenters received $2.00 to $3.00 per day in wages. Wheat was worth $1.50 per bushel and flour $4.50 per hundred pounds. From newspapers of 1877: “New corn brought in for shipment is getting 18¢ to 20¢ and corn huskers have been in demand at $1.00 per day and board; 2.5¢ per bushel thrown on the ground or 3.5¢ in the crib.” “Mr. Lambert James, a farmer living a few miles west of town has this season manufactured 1,500 gallon of sorghum molasses, which he readily disposed of at 50¢ per gallon.”&#13;
&#13;
But challenges persisted for early settlers. Although this was an extremely desirable area for agriculture and the raising of livestock, it was not possible for the early settlers to procure manufactured goods from the East without paying an extremely high freight bill. It was also impossible to ship their grain and produce economically. River freight was tried but the Kaw River often times did not have enough water to make shipping dependable so the answer to this problem was the railroad. Rossville’s answer came May 18, 1866, when the first train passed through the town. &#13;
&#13;
Corn was the main crop and early editors gave much space extolling its excellence. Corn cribs were numerous along the south side of the railroad tracks and on the east side of north Main. A water powered grist mill was located on Cross Creek north of town. Mulvane Bros. built a steam powered mill south of the railroad tracks.&#13;
&#13;
One of the earliest farmers was Henry Ford, who acquired 80 acres southwest of Rossville in 1864. His wife was the former Mary Nadeau, who came to Rossville from Indiana in 1862. Henry Ford came to Kansas in 1863 and was a stage coach driver for the Overland Stage Company between Topeka and Manhattan. He met his wife at “Buttermilk Station” where she worked for her brother, Big Alex Nadeau. While working to clear their land of timber and build a log house, they lived in one room of a three room house, west of Cross Creek, north of the old Oregon and California trails. The other two rooms were occupied by Dr. and Mrs. R.S. Gabbey and Mr. and Mrs. C.W. Higginbotham. After the Fords moved into their log cabin, Mrs. Ford often rode horseback nine miles with her baby to the mission in St. Marys. The first flowers she had to plant by the cabin were given to her by the nuns at the Mission.&#13;
&#13;
Another early farmer, John DeGraff settled south of Rossville in 1865. He and his wife, the former Frances Navarre, lived in a small dugout until their house was built.&#13;
&#13;
The following is a list of early farmers:&#13;
Name	|		Year to Rossville  |	Origin&#13;
&#13;
Archibald Abbott	1870	Kingston, Canada West&#13;
Joseph Andrews		Westmoreland County, Pa.&#13;
W. Thomas Andrews	1879	McKay, Ohio&#13;
Joseph Beseau	1875	Monroe County, Michigan&#13;
John A. Bond	1872	Tyler County, W. Virginia&#13;
William Bond	1873	Tyler County, W. Virginia&#13;
John DeGraff	1865	&#13;
James DeVinney	1880	Ross County, Ohio&#13;
Benjamin Franklin	1869	Ross County, Ohio&#13;
John Fritz	1877	Somerset County, Pa.&#13;
Martin Hass	1877	Richland County, Ohio&#13;
Henry Kassabaum	1877	Brookmell, Prussia&#13;
T.J. Kiernan	1868	&#13;
Elzey E. Kinsey	1877	Ohio&#13;
Henry Lipp	1868	South Germany&#13;
Isaac McCollough	1873	Holmes County, Ohio&#13;
R. McCollough	1878	Holmes County, Ohio&#13;
Michael O’halaron	1880	&#13;
Samuel Oldfield	1878	Derbyshire, England&#13;
S.J. Oliver	1876	&#13;
Edward Partelow	1868	Newport, Kentucky&#13;
Thomas L. Ross	1882	Cincinnati, Ohio&#13;
M.M. Standley	1874	Carroll County, Indiana&#13;
Bennett Swearingen	1868	Meigs County, Ohio&#13;
Isaac B. Trostel	1877	Perry County, Pa.&#13;
Frank Van Vleck	1878	&#13;
William Wax	1878	Juniata County, Pa.&#13;
Daniel Wilt	1876	York County, Pa.&#13;
Henry York	1869	Zurich, Switzerland&#13;
Peter H. Zickefoose	1874	Highland County, W. Virginia&#13;
Samuel Beals	1867	&#13;
E.S. Doud	1869	&#13;
W.L. James		&#13;
Wm. Kirkpatrick	1871	&#13;
Frank L. Sanders		&#13;
John Heslet		&#13;
Noel Graves		&#13;
W.W. Janes		&#13;
J.K. Conley	1870	Yates County, New York&#13;
Startup, Ab		&#13;
Thomas Attebury	1877	&#13;
George Hejtmanek	1880	Wisowitz, Moravia, Austria&#13;
D. Hartzell	1872	&#13;
Francis E. Williams	1876	New York&#13;
Captain John Gutshall		&#13;
Col. A.S. Stanley	1880	Meigs Co., Ohio&#13;
Martin Nason	1872	&#13;
Jos. Van Vleck	1878	&#13;
M.L. Cless	1876	&#13;
B.W. Higginbotham	1861	&#13;
Thomas Moss	1877	&#13;
J.M. Parr		Clay Co. Indiana&#13;
J.A. Parr		Clay Co. Indiana&#13;
H.W. Lipp	1878	Illinois&#13;
Samuel B. Zickefoose	1869	West Virginia&#13;
Mrs. Jane Jackson	1875	Scotland&#13;
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                <text>MRS. M. M. Hughes, Los Angeles, June 26, 1944, became sole owner of the Mulvane Ranch west of Rossville. This resulted when turned over to her in a transfer filed in the office of Homer Wright, reg-ister of deeds.&#13;
“The purpose is to keep it in the Mulvane family and I hope it will remain there for many years to come,” Mr. Morgan said.&#13;
Mrs. Hughes and Mrs. Morgan were sisters of the late Dave Mulvane, former Republican national committeeman for Kansas and they became owners of the land after his death. There are approximately 3,000 acres, one half of which is pasture land near the river.&#13;
The late Jaob Mulvane, their father and a wealthy Topeka banker and philanthropist, purchased the land more than 75 years ago and for years operated a big cattle ranch. A part of the pasture land was on an island in the river. In 1884 he changed the course of the river to connect the island with the mainland. Altho [sic] all the land now is on the north side of the river, the part that used to be on the island is in Wabaunsee County.&#13;
over&#13;
The balance is in Shawnee County.&#13;
After Jaob Mulvane's death, his son Dave inherited the ranch, and it was carried in his name until his death. It then was taken over by his two sisters. Mrs. Morgan died July 6, 1942. Now Mrs. Hughes, the only surviving member of the family, has purchased her sister’s half of the ranch to become sole owner.&#13;
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                <text>ca. 1871-1900</text>
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                <text>W.W. Ross was born in 1828 in Huron, Ohio. His parents, Sylvester and Cynthia Ross, were youthful pioneers on the Western Reserve of Ohio and were originally from the New England States. Ross was deprived of formal schooling as he grew up in the Ohio territory where educational advantages were limited. He learned much concerning history and government affairs from daily conversations with his father, who was a man of intelligence. In 1846 he went with his parents to the new territory of Wisconsin and saw history in the making as it grew into a state. By this time, Ross was 18 years of age and had become dissatisfied with farming. He took an interest in the printer's trade and learned the business at Janesville, Wisconsin. Proving himself an apt student, he soon became foreman of the FREE DEMOCRAT, a newspaper in Milwaukee.&#13;
He married Mary Elizabeth Berry in the spring of 1855, and he and his bride started out in a wagon drawn by a team of oxen, pioneering into Kansas territory. Ross had with him as teamster a free Negro whose papers he had secured before leaving Wisconsin. He encountered serious difficulties in passing through Missouri when the Missourians at different times tried to take the Negro away from him, under the pretense that he was an escaped slave. Even after reaching Lawrence several unsuccessful attempts were made to take the man by force. This circumstance identified Ross prominently with the free-state men.&#13;
He located on a claim near Lawrence and very shortly after a mob made a third attempt to capture the colored man. About 50 men, armed with rifles, rallied to the protection of Mr. Ross, his family, and the colored man, after threats of violence had been made against him. This is said to be the first rally against pro-slavery aggression.&#13;
In 1855, Ross came to Topeka to assist John Speer in printing material for the constitutional convention. In December of 1856 he became associated with Speer in the editorial management and publication of the Kansas Tribune. This was one of the first newspaper publications in Kansas. Early in 1857, his brother, Edmund G. Ross (later appointed United States Senator to fill the unexpired term of James Lane) purchased Speer's interest and it was published by the Ross Brothers until the summer of 1858.&#13;
In 1858, W.W. Ross was elected public printer and in 1859 the Ross Brothers established the Kansas State Record in Topeka. They conducted this publication until 1861, making it one of the finest, ablest Republican papers of Kansas, according to the words of a fellow newspaperman.&#13;
In his participation in the free-state struggles, Ross engaged in conflicts between the free state and pro-slavery forces. He was a member of the Leavenworth constitutional convention that nominated Abraham Lincoln for President. In May 1861, he was appointed by Lincoln as government agent to the Pottawatomi Indians, and served until 1865. It cannot be denied, however, that Ross helped negotiate for the purchase of Indian land for real estate speculators and other white men who wanted the land.&#13;
In January, 1862, James Dahoney applied for a post office in the name of "Rossville" honoring William. W. Ross, Indian Agent. The government approved his request but there was no formal Rossville government. Because of the treaty of 1861, four townsite promoters were able to purchase the 100 acre townsite in 1870 from Anthony Navarre, a Mormon preacher, and his Indian wife So-na-ne-qua. The January 16, 1871, Journal of the Board of County Commissioners lists the official adoption of the new Rossville Township.</text>
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                <text>Adrian (A.C.) Sherman, Rossville, Kansas&#13;
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                <text>ca. 1892-1910</text>
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                <text>Adrian Cyrus (A.C.) Sherman was elected State Representative from the 37th district in 1892 and 1894 as a Republican.&#13;
&#13;
He was born in 1847 at Mount Pleasant, Indiana. At the age of 15, he enlisted in Company E, 18th Indiana Infantry, and participated in 23 battles. He was a cousin of General W.T. Sherman and was with him on his march though the South. He became a veteran before his 18th birthday.&#13;
&#13;
In 1870, Sherman came to Kansas and speculated in real estate. He purchased from Fielding Johnson and Harvey H. Wilcox their share in the townsite of Rossville. The next year he constructed the first hotel in Rossville, his first store building on Main Street, and his residence south of town. He was a dealer in grain, hardware and implements, real estate and stock business, and operated a grocery store. He was considered one of the wealthiest men in the county.&#13;
&#13;
A.C. Sherman was appointed postmaster in Rossville in 1880 and served three years as County Commissioner.&#13;
&#13;
&gt;He was married to Lou Fisher in 1866 and had three children: Alice M., Adrian F. and Daisy.</text>
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                <text>David Millington Howard was elected to the State Legislature as Representative of the 37th District in 1890 and served two additional terms. He was a member of the Progressive Democrat Party.&#13;
&#13;
Mr. Howard, a prominent citizen and successful farmer and stockraiser, was born on a farm, Oct. 15, 1841, in Shaftsbury, Vermont. He completed his education in Vermont and taught school for two years before beginning his farming career. He married Chettie Stanley, of Shaftsbury, Vermont, on Sept. 1, 1869. Three years later, in April of 1872, the Howards, accompanied by his parents and his wife's parents, came to Rossville, Kansas. They settled on a farm South of town, on a tract of 67 acres. Mr. and Mrs. Clyde Rogers presently reside on this original farm site.&#13;
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Until 1876, Mr. Howard engaged in general farming and then became interested in stock raising, adding large tracts of land and introducing a fine herd of shorthorn cattle.&#13;
&#13;
He was affiliated with a number of fraternal orders in Rossville, being a member of the Masonic Order, IOOF, AOUW, Grange and the Knights and Ladies of Security. He was one of the organizers of the Rossville State Bank and served as President.&#13;
&#13;
Mr. Howard had 4 brothers and 3 sisters. The 3 sisters and 1 brother came to Rossville to live. Mary married Cyrus Higginbotham, Lurana to J.K. Conley, Rachel to L.E. Moseley, and Otis was the father of Mrs. E.G. Griswold.&#13;
&#13;
Mr. Howard contracted pneumonia from exposure while engaged in the work of caring for his livestock and was ill several months before passing away on Feb. 11, 1913.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>John Howerton was elected as a Republican to represent the 37th district in the State Legislature in 1905. He served one term.&#13;
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Mr. Howerton was born in Morgan County, Kentucky in 1838 and was reared on a Kentucky farm. He had a powerful physical physique which he retained throughout his life. During the Civil War he was a Northern sympathizer. At the opening of the war he was appointed U.S. Marshall and while leading a posse against a band of organized guerillas and bushwhackers in Elliott County, was ambushed and during the fighting that ensued, he and two of his men were shot. Mr. Howerton received a severe saber wound in his left cheek, which left a scar that remained throughout his life.&#13;
&#13;
In 1858, he married Mary Watson, a daughter of a prominent Kentucky farmer. John Howerton was the first person from the West Liberty, Kentucky area to migrate to Rossville, followed by many others whose descendants still reside here. He first settled in Tecumseh in 1868 and later moved to Rossville where he purchased a farm north of town. For years he was a successfully farmer and stock raiser. &#13;
&#13;
Of the five children born to Mr. and Mrs. Howerton, four grew to maturity, and three survived their mother, who passed away in June of 1910. The children were: William and Charles, who lived in Rossville, a daughter, Etta, who married Dr. J.M. Amis, and a son, James, who died a young man. Mr. Howerton always contributed his share toward the growth and development of Shawnee County and up to his death took a keen interest in civic and national affairs. He was associated with the Rossville State Bank, Silver Lake State Bank and the Delia State Bank.&#13;
&#13;
He remarried in 1914 to Elizabeth Van Anken. He passed away on January 9, 1925, at his home.&#13;
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                <text>Miss Lola Marie Boyles is eight months old in this portrait. She was born March 7, 1908. It is from the collection of Mabel Boyles, who was from Rossville, Kansas.&#13;
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